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Wiltshire

 

Old-Sarum

Sorviodunum

 
page ouverte le 15.12.2005

* forum du site Marikavel : Academia Celtica

dernière mise à jour 14/09/2012 19:15:34

Definition : ville d'Angleterre; comte de Witlshire.

 

Extrait de la carte Ordnance Survey : Map of Roman Britain.

Histoire

* GB. ASC, 552 : "In this year Cynric fought the Britons at the place called Searoburh (Old Sarum, W), an put the Brittons to flight. Cerdic was Cynric's father. Cerdic was the son of Elesa, the son of Esla, the son of Gewis, the son of Wig, the son of Freawine, the son of Frithugar, the son of Brand, the son of Baeldeg, the son of Woden".

Etymologie :

A. Sorviodunum

* Rivet & Smith, p. 461.

SOURCES : 

- AI 48613 (Iter xv) : SORBIODONI 

- AI 4834 (Iter XII, by error of the copyist) : SORVIODUNI 

- Ravenna 1069-10 (=R&C 24, 25) : (ALAUNA) SILVA ... OMI(RE) 

The name has hitherto seemed to be omitted from Ravenna, which is unexpected for a road-junction in an area (the south-west) for which the Cosmographer's information seems in general rich. The entries above at 1069-10 offer a prospect. In no province does Ravenna mention silvae (several are present on TP, but although the Cosmographer is known to have used a map related to this, it was not TP as such), so this is a likely corruption. Omire and the following entry (Tedertis) are manifestly corrupt. It is likely that confusion developed hee at an early stage of textual transmission. One may suggest that *Sorvio doni was written as two words on the map-source, perhaps one above the other (see p. 191; compare Camulo dono at 10659, and for the locative in -i', compare AI's forms, above). The unfamiliar *Sorvio was misread as Latin silva, the next element doni as (d)om or (d)omi and conflated with a following name. Later development of the name (see below) demands -v-; the scribal confusion resulting from Vulgar Latin equivalence of b/v is illustrated by AI's two forms.

DERIVATION. Jackson in Britannia, I (1970), 79, and more fully in JRS, XXXVIII (1948), 58, indicates a British * soruio- of unknown meaning; this, via later British *serw, was taken into Anglo-Saxon as * Seru-, and, by 'breaking', *Seoru- and Searo- (Searobyrg, 552). Ekwall EPN s.v. sees a possible association with Anglo-Saxon searu 'armour', and notes the later Norman dissimilation of  l-r. Anglo-Saxon burh appears to translate the second element -dunum of the original name (see BRANODUNUM). There is a single analogue for the British name, Sorviodurum (Sorvioduro, TP) in Raetia, near modem Straubing on the Danube (Germany).

IDENTIFICATION. The Roman settlement at Old Sarum, Wiltshire (SU 1332), the name being taken from the Iron Age hill-fort.

*****

B. Old Sarum

* Eilert Ekwall ne présente pas d'étude sur Old Sarum.

* A.D Mills renvoie à Salisbury : "Searobyrg c.900, Sareberie 1086 (DB). 'Stronghold at Sorvio'. OE burh (dative byrig) added tu reduced form of original Celtic name Sorviodunum (obscure word + Celtic *duno- 'fort', this refferring in the 4th cent. Antonine Itinerary to the Iron Age hill-fort at Old Sarum. The form sarum, found from the 14th. cent., arises from a misreading of the abbreviated spelling Sar' for Sarisberie and the like in medieval documents "

*****

Observation JCE  : Mills, suivant et suiveur d'Ekwall, appuie sur obscure word = racine obscure. 

Il serait peut-être utile de se rapprocher des hydronymes en *Sarre, qui semblent désigner le flux d'une rivière, dont on retrouve le sens dans celui du latin serum.

Sources :

* Eilert EKWALL : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English place-names. Clarendon Press. Fourth edition, 1980.

* G.N. GARMONSWAY : The Anglo-saxon Chronicle. 1956-65. Edition 1984.

* Ordnance Survey : Map of Roman Britain.

* ALF RIVET & Colin SMITH : The Place-Names of Roman Britain. Batsford Ltd. London. 1979.

* A.D MILLS : Oxford Dictionary of Brirish Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 1981-2003.

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