Histoire : 

Étymologies : 

a) Rivet & Smith, p 388-389 :

-  Itinéraire d'Antonin, 484₁ (Iter XII) : LEUCARO.

DERIVATION. This name, basically that of a river *Leucara transferred to a fort on its banks with change of declension, consists of british *leuco- (as in the previous entry) with the *-ar(a) suffix. Evidently the Welsh river which is now the Loughor had two slightly different names, Leuca (previous entry) recorded by Ravenna, and *Leucara whose fort Leucarum was recorded by AL Watson CPNS 433 and Jackson in JRS, XXXVIII (1948), 57, associate with this the Ayrshire river Lugar, frorn an identical *Leucara.

A problem of Celtic phonology is pointed out by Williams and by Jackson in JRS, XXXVIII (1948), 57: Williams notes that Loughor is in Welsh Casllwchwr, whose -ch- demands original -cc-, that is *Luccarum; Jackson, who spells Llychwr, agrees that this cannot come from *Leucara, for this would have given Welsh *Llugar, concluding that ' The name Loughor can hardly be the same.. . The likeness must be due to a coïncidence.' But with names so nearly identical in the same area, it would surely be better to assume some disturbance of the normal phonetic process, perhaps by analogy, folk-etymology or the like?

The *-ar(a) suffix occurs in British Leucarum, Lutudarum, Nabarus, Tamarus, possibly Metaris, Varar, and widely abroad. It has long been recognised as a river- or water-suffix, and much studied. A recent summary is that of Dauzat TF 131-41. He finds that Ar- exists as a root, doubled evidently to mean 'great river' (Ar-ar), with suffixes, compounded with other elements, and as a suffix itself. 'Ce suffixe a vécu longtemps en Gaule, où il était très vivant à l'époque gauloise, comme le prouvent certaines formations avec des radicaux celtiques (Artara, Candara, Isara, Leucara, Samara)' (TF 139); but finally, in view of its antiquity and great extension, ' Ar- est bien une base hydronymique pré-indo-européenne ' (TF 141). As a suffix at any rate in Latin usage, and hence presumably in Gaulish
and British, *-ar(a) had short -a- and was unstressed, hence Nabarus > Naver, etc. See also F. G. Diack in RC, XXXVIII (1920-21), 116-18.

IDENTIFICATION. Probably the Roman fort at Loughor, Glamorgan (SS 5697); but see p. 174.

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Pour l'analyse toponymique, voir la rivière  Loughor / LEUCA, à l'embouchure de laquelle se trouve LEUCARUM / Loughor.

Sources : 

- A.L.F RIVET & Colin SMITH : The Place-names of Roman Britain. B.T Batsford Ltd. London. 1982.

Envois de : 

Liens électroniques des sites Internet traitant de Loughor / Leucarum :  

* lien communal officiel : 

* forum du site Marikavel : Academia Celtica

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