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MAETAE

page ouverte le 29.04.2007 forum de discussion

* forum du site Marikavel : Academia Celtica 

dernière mise à jour : 25/11/2009 13:29:44

Définition

Maetae : nom de peuple celtique de l'Ile de Bretagne, quelque part en actuelle Écosse; non exactement identifié; 

I.A Richmond, Roman Britain

- p 57 : " ... les agresseurs étaient les Maetae du Strathmore and Strathearn, qui ont constitué plus tard la partie méridionale de la nation Picte". 

- p 58 : " ... les Maetae n'ont dû d'échapper à une guerre d'extermination (en 210-211) que du fait de la mort de Septime Sévère, en février 211."

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* ALF. Rivet & C. Smith, Place-names of Roman Britain, p 404: 

- Xiphilius 321 : Maiatai ( = Maetae)

- Jordanes, 2,14 : Meatae.

Le nom semble indiquer une "confédération" des peuples celtes du sud de l'Écosse, au nord du Mur d'Hadrien.

 

 

Histoire : compte tenu de l'imprécision de leur localisation, il est donc difficile d'en dresser une 'histoire', même sommaire. Leur apparition dans les écrits étant tardive, on peut considérer qu'ils ont pu constituer une sorte de confédération de peuples et tribus, entre les deux Murs. On pourrait trouver de l'intérêt à comparer leur cas avec celui des Attecoti.

Étymologie :

* Rivet & Smith, p. 404 :

SOURCE

- Xiphilinus 321 (summarising Cassius Dio LXXVI, 12) : Maiatai (= MAEATAE; twice);

- Jordanes 2, 14 (also quoting Cassius Dio) : Meatae

DERIVATION. Holder II. 388 thought the name Pictish, and it is discussed by Wainwright PP 51-52; it may survive in Dumyat and Myot Hill, near Stirling and thus north of the Antonine Wall. Watson CPNS 58 seems to take the name as wholly Celtic, as is surely right in view of the Continental analogues he cites for the second element or suffix : Gaulish Gais-atai 'spearmen' (*gaison 'spear'), Gal-atai 'warriors' (*gal 'valour, prowess'), Nantu-atai (-ates) 'valley-dwellers'; he notes also the presence in Ireland of the Magn-atai. See also ATREBATES, with further references. One might therefore conjecture that in this name at least the force of the suffix is 'those of. . . '. The first element might be the same as in Maia, probably 'larger', in which case a sense 'larger people' or more strictly 'people of the larger part' may be suitable. It is to be noted that Cassius Dio, as quoted by others, seems to say that Britain north of the Antonine Wall was divided between the Calidonii and the Maeatae, these having subsumed lesser tribes, and it could well be that the Maeatae were the 'people of the larger part'. The name was still in use in Adamnan's day : Miathi in his Life of St Columba, I, 8.

IDENTIFICATION. A confederation of tribes in the southern part of Scotland (the northern part being occupied by a similar confederation of Calidonii, q.v.). As noted above, place-namcs indicate that they extended into Stirlingshire and their northern limit was probably the Mounth, but their southern extent is disputed and depends on the interpretation of the statement of Xiphilinus that they lived 'near the cross-wall which cuts the island in two'. Collingwood (Roman Britain and the English Settlements, Oxford, 1937). 157) interpreted it as the Antonine Wall and in this was followed by Richmond (Roman Britain (Harmondsworth, !963), 57~59), but Frère (1974, 188) prefers Hadrian's Wall and attaches the Selgovae (q.v.) to them.

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Proposition d'observation : *matos / *matus = ours.  

 

Bibliographie

* A.L.F Rivet & Colin Smith : The Place-names of Roman Britain. B.T Batsford Ltd. London. 1979-1982

* JC Even : Histoire Nationale des Bretons, de l'Aube des Temps à la fin du Vè siècle après J.C. Lannion. 1996. (publication Internet : http://marikavel.org/histoire/histoire-titre.htm)

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Liens Internet : 

- http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/maetae-3409.htm

- http://www.scotland.com/forums/history/24058-picts.html?highlight=Maetae

- http://www.visitedscotland.com/forums/showthread.php?t=42&page=2

- http://www.romanscotland.org.uk/pages/chronology/timeline.asp

- http://aztech.ws/forums/dumyat-t1610/index.html?s=4fdf71dba7910f8dab06af0e55f02fa1&t=1610

- http://www.travelpublishing.co.uk/CountyIntros/StirlingClackmannanIntro.htm

ETC ... 

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