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Encyclopédie Marikavel-Jean-Claude-EVEN/Encyclopaedia/Enciclopedia/Enzyklopädie/egkuklopaideia
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Tamise / Thames Tamesa |
| page ouverte le 30.12.2005 | |
forum de
discussion
* forum du site Marikavel : Academia Celtica |
dernière mise à jour 18/03/2010 13:11:38 |
| Définition : fleuve du sud de la G. Bretagne, qui prend ses sources aux alentours de Cirencester et rejoint la mer du Nord en aval de Londres, après un cours de 336 km. |
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jean-claude Even
Extrait de Ordnance Survey : Map of Roman Britain.
***** Observation JC Even : La route diagonale passant par Aquae Sulis / Bath, Corinium / Cirencester, et se prolongeant par Bourton et Dorn est un tronçon local de la première grande route romaine de Bretagne, la Fosse Way, d'Isca / Exeter à Lindum / Lincoln. On voit aussi que Corinium / Cirencester se trouve en plein milieu du périmètre des sources des ruisseaux formant la Tamise. |
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jean-claude Even
Extrait de Ordnance Survey : Map of Roman Britain.
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jean-claude Even
Extrait de Ordnance Survey : Map of Roman Britain.
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| Description
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* M.N Bouillet (1863) : "... se forme de la réunion de plusieurs ruisseaux, à Lechlade, dans le comté de Berks, prend là le nom d'Isis, sépare les comtés d'Oxford, Buckingham, Middlesex, Essex, de ceux de Berks, Surrey, Kent. Reçoit à Oxford la Charwell, à Dorchester la Thames, dont elle conserve le nom; baigne Reading, Windsor, Staines, Kingston, Brendford, Richmond; sépare Londres en deux parties; arrose encore Greenwich, Woolwich, Sheerness, Margate, et va tomber dans la mer du Nord par un large estuaire. Son cours, qui se dirige généralement de l'O. à l'E, est de 400 km env. Ses eaux sont d'excellente qualité. Les grands vaisseaux de guerre remontent la Tamise jusqu'à Deptford, un peu au dessous de Londres; les vaisseaux marchands de 800 tonneaux vont jusqu'à londres. La Tamise communique avec un grand nombre de canaux". |
| Étude étymologique :
* Eilert Ekwall : "Tamesis, 51 B.C, Caesar; c. 894 Asser; Tamesa 115-17 Tac; Tamensis, 417 Orosius; c. 730 Bede; Tamisa 681 BCS 56; Temis 683 BCS 65; Temes,843 ib. 443; C. 893 Alfred Or; Temse 1387 Trev. The name is a Brit. river-name, cognate with sanskrit Tamasa, the name of a tributary to the Ganges, tamasà- 'dark', Lat tenebras &. The name means 'dark river'." ------------------------- * Meven Mordiern (1944) : - Tamêsis : en breton Tavoez NB JC Even : cet auteur n'apporte pas d'explication étymologique au nom de la Tamise. ------------------------- * Xavier Delamarre : " *temros : sombre. sanskrit tamsras tamràs 'id.'. latin tenebrae; vieux haut allemand : dinster 'sombre'; lituanien timras 'rouge sombre'; racine dans Toharien B : tamasse 'sombre'. ------------------------- * Rivet & Smith, p. 466 : SOURCES - Caesar BG,V,II,8 : flumen ... quod appellatur TAMESIS - Caeasar BG,V,18,1 : ad flumen TAMESIM (acc.) - Tacitus Annals XIV,32 : in aestuario TAMESAE (gen.) - Ptolemy II,3,4: Tamesa eiscnais ( = TAMESA AESTUARIUM) - Ptolemy, II,3,11 : Tamasa ( = TAMESA) (All the MSS have initial 'I-(= I-); T- is Müller's natural conjecture. At II,3,4 there is a var. Iamissa (= IAMISSA) - Cassius Dio XL, 21, 3: Tamesan (ace.; = TAMESAM) LX, 2, 5: Tamesan (ace. ; = TAMESAM) LX, 21, 3: Tamesa .(dat.; = TAMESAE) (also Xiphilinus LXII, 2 ; Tamesa (dat. ; = TAMESAE)) - Ravenna 10638 (= R&C 76): TAMESE - OROSIUS VI, 9, 6 : TAMENSEM (ace.), vars. TAMENSIM, THAMESIM It appears from the above that both a first-declension Tamesa and a third-declension Tamesis had authority in Latin. The British form of the name supports the former. It was the Tamesis tradition - presumably owed to Orosius - that was known to later writers in Britain: Gildas 3 has Tamesis (gen.), with var. Tamensis, and in 10-11 Tamesis (gen.). Bede has four mentions, at I, 2; II, 3 ; III, 22 and IV, 6, in various cases -Tamensim and Tamensem (ace.), Tamensis (gen.) and Tamense (abl.). The forms in -ns- from Orosius onward have no authority, and presumably arose from association with Latin adjectives in -ensis, or by hypercorrection (because classical *ensis was -esis in Vulgar Latin). Ravenna's entry is not in the river-list (the name is missing there, oddly enough) and was taken by R&C to refer to a settlement, 'probably Dorchester-on-Thames' (Oxfordshire), but like other river-names it was misread by the Cosmographer from a map on which Tamese was written along the river's inland course. DERIVATION. The British name was *Tamêssâ, perhaps for older *Tamêstâ; it was long thought to be built on a base *tam- 'dark' (see TAMARUS), particularly as Ekwall was able to mention as close parallels Sanskrit Tamasa, a tributary of the Ganges, Sanskrit tamasà ' dark ', and as a cognate Latin tenebrae. However, it now seems more probable that the name is one of a very large number of names based on the root *ta- *ta- 'to flow', discussed under TAMARUS. On the name and its associates see M. Fôrster, Der Fhissname Themse (Munich, 1942), Jackson LHEB, passim, and Nicolaisen in BZN, vin (1957), 258-59; on the later development of the name, LHEB 331. The Anglo-Saxon forms were Temis, Temes, etc. ; the modem spelling with -a- is probably due to learned influence from knowledge of the classical spelling. --------------------- * A.D Mills : "An ancient river-name, possibly from a Celtic root tam- 'dark' or rather from a pre-Celtic root *ta- melt, flow turdidly'. |
| Bibliographie; sources; envois :
* M.N BOUILLET : Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie. Librairie Hachette et Cie. Paris. 1863. * Eilert EKWALL : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 1936 - 1980. * Meven MORDIERN : Notennou diwar-benn ar Gelted Koz, o istor hag o sevennadur. Skridoù breiz. Brest. 1944. * Petit Larousse Illustré. Librairie Larousse. 1979. * A.L.F RIVET & Colin SMITH : The Place-names of Roman Britain. Batsford Ltd. London. 1979-1982. * Xavier DELAMARRE : Le vocabulaire indo-européen. Lexique étymologique thématique. Librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient. Paris. 1984. * A.D MILLS : Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford University Press. 1991 - 2003 * Albert DESHAYES : Dictionnaire étymologique du breton. Chasse-Marée. Douarnenez. 2003. |
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Liens électroniques des sites Internet traitant de la Tamise / Tamesa : http://www.visitthames.co.uk/index.html http://www.visitthames.co.uk/ftrip1.html * forum du site Marikavel : Academia Celtica hast buan, ma mignonig go fast, my little friend |
